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this special aeronautics and space

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aeronautics and space 1973 these were

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this was the gear of Skylab Skylab got

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off to a shaky start when a heat

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deflecting micrometeoroid shield was

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ripped off during launch causing the

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loss of one solar wing and jamming the

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other although in orbit the big space

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station was overheating at low on fire

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people on the ground however hastily

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designed a replacement an umbrella-like

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device that would protect the workshops

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thin skin from the hot Sun the first

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crew then used the newly designed

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sunshade to repair the overheating Space

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Station they also deployed the jam

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solder wing result an increase in

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electrical power and a cooler place to

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work and work they did three separate

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astronaut crews have lived in Skylab for

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extended periods of time proving that

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man can withstand prolonged

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weightlessness by training skylabs

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onboard telescopes in the direction of

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the Sun the science of solar astronomy

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has been extended beyond the limits of

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earth-based observations we're learning

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more about the Sun than ever before

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information that may one day help us use

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this giant furnace as a means of

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generating and controlling energy for

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use on Earth using cameras and remote

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sensors the crews have accumulated hours

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and hours of intense observations of the

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earth observations that have ranged from

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taking measurements of Hurricane Ellen

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over the Atlantic Ocean to photographing

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possible huge new mineral deposits in

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Nevada by the time Skylab ends more than

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42,000 pictures of the Earth's surface

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will have been taken they called her

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Arabella the space spider actually

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Arabella was one of several student

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experiments on Skylab the question

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raised by a young high school student

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from Massachusetts was can a spider spin

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a web in the absence of gravity the

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answer as you can see was yes tiny fish

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were another subject for study

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this buck Roger like backpack was also

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tested the well-dressed space man of the

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American astronauts and Soviet

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cosmonauts trained this year to prepare

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for a joint space mission in 1975 the

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two crews will meet and join their

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spacecraft while in orbit around the

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earth beyond the rescue capability they

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will demonstrate it is hoped the complex

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project will lead to future

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international cooperative programs it's

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called the reusable space shuttle taking

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off like a rocket and landing like an

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airplane it will virtually replace the

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way we transport manned and unmanned

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spacecraft into orbit by the early 1980s

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to prepare for the shuttle research and

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development programs continued to move

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ahead as high-speed wind tunnels were

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used to help solve the problems of

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reentry here undergoing tests are

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special recoverable booster rockets that

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will be retrieved after launch other

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engineers prepare to make shuttle

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vibration studies finding out where the

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stress areas are at NASA's Flight

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Research Center in California the x24 be

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lifting body was air dropped several

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times the X 24 is developing maneuvering

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and landing capabilities for future

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aerospace vehicles like the space

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this is an artist concept of the

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asteroid belt a scientific spacecraft

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pioneer 10 spent 210 days passing

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through the thousands of rocks sand and

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dust that make up the asteroid belt on

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its way to this planet Jupiter on

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December third after traveling half a

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billion miles from Earth pioneer 10

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returned close-up pictures and

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scientific data as it passed within

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81,000 miles of the giant planet data

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about its temperature and the makeup of

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its atmosphere mercury smallest planet

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in the solar system and closest planet

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to the Sun so close that it's difficult

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to observe from Earth this Mariner

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spacecraft is on its way there now after

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swinging around Venus next February

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picking up speed from that planet's

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gravity it will be propelled on toward

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mercury on March 29th 1974 as mariner

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flies by the tiny planet it's two

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television cameras will return pictures

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while other instruments probe in an

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technicians work around the radio

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astronomy Explorer satellite at the

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Kennedy Space Center its job is to

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explore the sources of low-frequency

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radio noise in our galaxy and beyond

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launched into orbit around the moon it

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is expected to provide astronomers with

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a better picture of extraterrestrial

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radio signals work continued in the

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preparation of Viking the spacecraft

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scheduled to land on Mars in 1976 trying

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to answer as many questions as possible

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before landing on the red planet

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scientists have been attempting to

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simulate the Martian atmosphere progress

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is also being made in preparing

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biological sensing devices to determine

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for years nASA has used sounding rockets

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to probe the region of the Earth's

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atmosphere just below satellite level

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but above the area where balloons

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returned 80 this year was no exception

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with some 80 launches both here and

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abroad several of the launches were in

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comet kohoutek is on its way visible

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between mid-november and late January it

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will eventually be as bright or brighter

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than the famous Halley's Comet of 1910

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when kohoutek reaches its closest point

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to the Sun on December 28 it will have

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completed a journey that began about two

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million years ago for NASA's spacecraft

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sounding rockets balloons Skylab

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ground-based observatories and telescope

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carrying aircraft like this will team up

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to form the most comprehensive comet

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watch ever planned astronomers are eager

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to determine the elements that make up

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kohoutek elements that should tell us

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more about the nature and origin of the

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Sun and other planets Santa Barbara

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California Louisiana and Mississippi

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Cleveland Ohio all these places like

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many others have one thing in common

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each was photographed by the earth's

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resources technology satellite orbiting

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570 miles overhead since being launched

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in mid nineteen seventy-two the earth

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resources spacecraft has returned nearly

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more specifically it is proving

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extremely useful in such applications as

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land use and timber inventory crop

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identification water pollution and

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improved maps to geologists this area of

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California looks like this when the

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appropriate geologic information is

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superimposed investigators look forward

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to even more exciting possibilities for

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operational use in the future for

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example during this past summer a remote

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sensing station was tested that can tell

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when conditions exist for a forest fire

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to occur in less than an hour valuable

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fire index data was relayed via the

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earth's resources satellite to the

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California Division of Forestry

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headquarters in Sacramento the highly

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successful experiment has important

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implications for those areas troubled by

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forest fires helping verify images from

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spacecraft are the you to high-altitude

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Earth's survey planes flying at

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altitudes of 65,000 feet the u2 has

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evolved into a sophisticated research

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tool in its own right these are just a

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few of the high quality pictures

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returned pictures that have spotted

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smoke from forest fires in California

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and help survey the extent of damage

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done by tree killing tussock malls in

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Washington and Oregon the Lewis Research

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Center in Cleveland is scene of a

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program to explore and demonstrate how

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navigation of the Great Lakes may be

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extended year-round ice maps are made

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with the help of a reconnaissance plane

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on loan from the US Army it's special

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radar provides detailed images similar

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to black-and-white photographs another

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plane records ice surface temperatures

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NASA scientists also regularly fly in

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Coast Guard helicopters equipped to the

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type of radar that measures ice

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thickness to verify these instrument

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measurements with actual conditions on

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the ice surface samples are taken along

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the flight path the system is expected

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to be in use this winter making it

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possible to extend the ship

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season and potentially saving millions

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of dollars NASA's Aeronautics program is

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geared toward improving civil and

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military aviation noise abatement

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airport congestion visibility tests

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short and vertical takeoff planes and

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all aspects of aircraft safety in great

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demand or the many simulators that help

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man work better with his machines some

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simulators use motion to make the pilots

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senses believe he is flying this

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man-machine integration as it's called

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tries among other things to determine

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the proper roles for humans and

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mphasis continues on the rapidly growing

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class of planes used by individuals or

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as executive aircraft consider the

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problem of wake turbulence tornado-like

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patterns of air the trail behind large

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jets these vortices as they are called

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pose a hazard for smaller lighter weight

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aircraft following in their weight

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through laboratory and wind tunnel tests

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and actual in-flight analysis NASA is

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studying ways to break up the whirling

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air masses eliminating the danger to

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smaller planes a research program is

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underway to identify acceptable airplane

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ride qualities these passengers respond

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to a variety of vibrations and motions

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without actually flying simulators like

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this one at the Langley Research Center

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are used to study passenger response

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under controlled conditions the

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simulator work is correlated with flight

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tests at the Flight Research Center

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volunteer passengers read write eat and

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drink typical passenger activities

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during the flight they evaluate the

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degree of motion and electronically

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record their rating the US Army flying

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crane helicopter is a unique machine

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when the helicopter developed excessive

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vibrations under certain payload

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conditions the army was assisted by NASA

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in solving the problem the solution

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developed involved bonding stiff

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lightweight Borana proxy materials to

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the aluminum frame the process

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eliminated the problem and provided a

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weight saving of 60 pounds besides so

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successful has the composite materials

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program bin that test applications are

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planned for the wing rudder and aileron

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components of large transport aircraft

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at the flight research center test

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pilots are flying a plane without having

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to leave the ground actually it's a new

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way of flight testing advanced aircraft

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that's both more economical and less

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hazardous a typical flight involves air

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launching a large scale model from high

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altitude the research pilot in a

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realistically recreated cockpit on the

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ground complete with flight controls

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flies the remotely piloted craft

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using computers and television the

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television camera is installed in the

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model where the pilot would normally sit

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this view is then transmitted to the

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test pilot since the research pilot on

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the ground has direct control over the

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model he is able to perform high-risk

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flight maneuvers such as stalls and

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rolling at the end of a typical nine

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minute test flight the model is lowered

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by parachute in the final stages it is

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recovered in midair by a helicopter and

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brought gently to the ground for reuse

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speed and fuel consumption these factors

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have great impact on the design and

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performance of future aircraft this Air

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Force plane the why f12 is being test

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flown to study such things other areas

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of research include heating flight

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stability and control structural

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dynamics gust response and since the

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plane cruises at three times the speed

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of sound at 75,000 feet the physics of

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you

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manned space flight space science and

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applications Aeronautics and research

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and development 1973 a year of

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